【略考】处女座没有珀耳塞福涅的说法
前几天趁着沙加和雅典娜的室女月生日，再重新写了下星座问题。
处女座在神话里是谁，以下资料：
作者阿拉托斯，希腊文，《天文学》96行：
在农夫的双脚下，是处女座（παρθένον），她手里拿着闪闪发光的谷穗。无论她是阿斯特赖俄斯的女儿，人们说阿斯特赖俄斯是群星之父。或者她是别的父系的孩子。毫无疑问的就是她是一位无忧天神。
但人群中又流传着另一个故事，很古老之时她住在大地上与人们面对面，也不轻视古代的男女种族，而是混在他们之中坐在她的位置上，尽管她是不朽的，她被称为狄刻……那么狄刻就真的憎恶了这一种族，飞向天空，占据了那处住所。
Beneath both feet of Boötes mark the Parthenon,, who in her hands bears the gleaming Ear of Corn. Whether she be daughter of Astraeus, who, men say, was of old the father of the stars, or child of other sire, untroubled be her course!
But another tale is current among me, how of old she dwelt on earth and met men face to face, nor ever disdained in olden times the tribes of men and women, but mingling with them took her seat, immortal though she was. Her men called Dike……then verily did Dike loathe that race of men and fly heavenward and took up that abode,
（希腊原文参考perseus，英译参考Theoi。
后边有些资料我不放汉译，只放英译更直观）
我认为阿拉托斯提到两个故事：1、<希腊>手持谷穗的阿斯特赖俄斯之女（即公元前4世纪瓶画上的有翅膀、持火炬、戴光环的星辰女神。），2、<希腊>飞向天空的狄刻。
作者埃拉托色尼，希腊文，《星表》9：
Hesiod in the Theogony says this figure is Dike, the daughter of Zeus and Themis.
Aratus, who takes the story from Hesiod, says that Dike was immortal and formerly dwelt on earth among the human race.When humans began to change for the worse and no longer to uphold justice,she did not remain among them, but withdrew to the mountains. Then, when civil strife and wars beset the human race because of its total injustice, she despised mortals altogether and went up to heaven.
There are numerous other stories concerning this constellation. Some say it is Demeter because of the sheaf of grain she holds,
others say it is Isis, others Atargatis, others Tyche and for that reason they represent her as headless.
The figure has one faint star on the head [ν?]; one star on each shoulder [?, ?];two on each wing [β, η?, ε, ρ]: the one on the right wing between the shoulder and the wingtip is called Protrygeter [ε] [“preharvester”];
（英译参考女性博士Theony Condos）
埃拉托色尼提到处女座版本有：<希腊>狄刻、<希腊>得墨忒耳、<埃及>伊西斯、<叙利亚>阿塔伽提斯、<希腊>堤喀，他还讲到处女座有翅膀。
记录者鲍萨阿尼斯，希腊文，《希腊道里志》10.34.8：
离埃拉提亚大约二十长跑道之处是一个雅典娜的神庙，名叫克兰尼亚神庙……这盾牌的浮雕是复制了雅典城那块盾牌上的浮雕图案，雅典那块盾牌上的浮雕图是雅典人称她为处女座（παρθένον）的那位。
About twenty stades away from Elateia is a sanctuary of Athena surnamed Cranaea……and on the shield is wrought in relief a copy of what at Athens is wrought on the shield of her whom the Athenians call the Parthenos.
（希腊原文、英译参考perseus）
鲍萨阿尼斯记录了雅典人称<希腊>雅典娜为处女座。
作者许癸努斯，罗马拉丁文，《天文学》2.25：
Hesiod says this figure is Themis, the daughter of Jupiter;
but Aratus says she is the daughter of Astraeus and Aurora, and that she reigned over the human race during the Golden Age of mankind. Because of her diligence and fairness she was called Iustitia. At that time no neighboring nations were provoked to war by others, nor was any transport utilized, since the human race cultivated the fields for its livelihood. But after the death of that generation,those who were born became less dutiful and more greedy. And so Justice withdrew from among men. Finally, the calamity came to such a point that the bronze race of men was born. And she, unable to bear any more, flew up to the stars.
Others say she is Fortuna, others Ceres; between the two, the latter is less likely because her head is very obscure.
Many say she is Erigone, the daughter of Icarius, about whom we spoke earlier.
Others say it is Apollo's daughter by Chrysothemis, who as an infant was called parthenos, and who,because she died young, was placed by Apollo among the stars.
（拉丁原文参考la.wikisource.org，英译参考女性博士Theony Condos）
许癸努斯提到处女座版本有：<罗马>朱斯提提亚、<罗马>福尔图娜、<罗马>克瑞斯、<希腊>厄里戈涅、<希腊>帕台诺斯，后文3.24也说到处女座有翅膀。
作者农诺斯，希腊文，《狄奥尼西卡》：
Virgin Astraia, nurse of the whole universe, cherisher of the Golden Age, received Beroe [i.e. the goddess of the city of Beruit, which was famous for its law-courts] from her mother into the embrace of her arms, laughing, still a babe, and fed her with wise breast as she babbled words of law.
With her virgin milk, she let streams of statutes gush into the baby's lips, and dropt into the girl's mouth the sweet produce of the Attic bee; she pressed the bee's riddled travail of many cells, and mixed the voiceful comb in a sapient cup.
If the girl thirsting asked for a drink, she gave the speaking Pythian water kept for Apollon, or the stream of Ilissos, which is inspired by the Attic Mousa when the Pierian breezes of Phoibos beat on the bank.
She took the golden Cornstalk from the stars, and entwined it in a cluster to put round the girl's neck like a necklace.
（希腊原文参考.perseus，英译参考Theoi。）
农诺斯提到处女座是<希腊>阿斯翠亚（其名为星父阿斯特赖俄斯的阴性格。即阿拉托斯提到的手持谷穗的阿斯特赖俄斯之女，公元前4世纪瓶画上的有翅膀、持火炬、戴光环的星辰女神。），以星辰上的谷穗为链饰。
17世纪，印度，旁遮普地区手抄本：
印度的这个旁遮普版本里，处女座是一个手持谷穗的印度男子。
（关于十二星座在印度的版本，等查到更多资料再补充
笔者主要搜集的希腊版本，其他地区更多版本暂不赘述）
15世纪作者Cosmè Tura，意大利，斯齐法诺亚宫的壁画《八月的寓言：克瑞斯的胜利》：
文艺复兴时期的这个意大利壁画里，处女座是克瑞斯，她坐在花车里。
19世纪，英国出版，《乌拉尼亚之镜》：
19世纪这个英国出版的书里，处女座仍然是一个长翅膀、持谷穗的女神。
《大保利古典学百科全书》里处女座词条，引用的一些古代文献（如公元4世纪的文献），也没有提到珀耳塞福涅。
————————————————————————————
总结，找了以上的文献、图像等古代资料，
提到的处女座版本有：
（希腊）阿斯翠亚、狄刻、得墨忒耳、堤喀、雅典娜、厄里戈涅、帕台诺斯。
（埃及）伊西斯。
（叙利亚）阿塔伽提斯。
（罗马）朱斯提提亚、福尔图娜、克瑞斯。
（印度）持谷穗的印度男子。
圣斗士里的沙加，他的处女座圣衣是这样：
沙加的处女座圣衣，有翅膀。
另外有一点，他的处女宫，在希腊语里是帕台农庙，雅典娜的帕台农神庙意思就是处女之宫。
希腊版本的处女座里，有翅膀的是阿斯翠亚（参考公元前4世纪的瓶画）、狄刻（参考阿拉托斯）。雅典娜有时有翅膀，但不多。
珀耳塞福涅则主要是司冥界的女王、司农业谷物的丰产女神，和星座没啥关系。
评论(9)